IMPLEMENTASI DAN ANALISIS AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DI WILAYAH 3T: STUDI KASUS PADA SMA NEGERI 1 ROTE BARAT
Keywords:
Augmented Reality, Digital Learning, Educational Technology, Technology Acceptance Model, 3T Regions
Abstract
This study explores the implementation and effectiveness of Augmented Reality (AR) technology as an innovative educational solution for overcoming learning challenges in Indonesia's 3T regions (Tertinggal, Terdepan, dan Terluar - Remote, Frontier, and Underdeveloped areas). Conducted at SMA Negeri 1 Rote Barat, East Nusa Tenggara, this research employs a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative and quantitative data collection through in-depth interviews, classroom observations, student questionnaires (n=60), and documentation analysis over six months (May-October 2025). The study develops a comprehensive research model incorporating Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) variables including Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Interactivity, Technical Barriers, and Social-Cultural Support as independent variables, with Student Satisfaction as a mediating variable and Continuance Intention as the dependent variable. Results demonstrate that AR implementation significantly enhances student engagement, motivation, and understanding of complex concepts despite infrastructure limitations typical of 3T regions. Social-cultural adaptation and teacher support emerge as critical success factors. The research provides valuable insights for educational policymakers and institutions seeking to implement technology-enhanced learning in underserved areas while addressing unique challenges of remote educational contexts.
References
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[2] M. Akçayır and G. Akçayır, "Advantages and challenges associated with augmented reality for education: A systematic review of the literature," Educational Research Review, vol. 20, pp. 1–11, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.edurev.2016.11.002.
[3] A. A. Alalwan, Y. K. Dwivedi, N. P. Rana, and R. Algharabat, "Examining factors influencing Jordanian customers' intentions and adoption of Internet banking: Extending UTAUT2 with risk," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, vol. 40, pp. 125-138, 2020.
[4] N. Alalwan, L. Cheng, H. Al-Samarraie, R. Yousef, A. I. Alzahrani, and S. M. Sarsam, "Challenges and prospects of virtual reality and augmented reality utilization among primary school teachers: A developing country perspective," Studies in Educational Evaluation, vol. 66, Art. no. 100876, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100876.
[5] J. D. R. Amrullah, F. B. Prasetya, A. S. Rahma, A. D. Setyorini, A. N. Salsabila, and V. Nuraisyah, "Efektivitas Peran Kurikulum Merdeka terhadap Tantangan Revolusi Industri 4.0 bagi Generasi Alpha," Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran Indonesia (JPPI), vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 1313–1328, 2024. doi: 10.53299/jppi.v4i4.754.
[6] D. Anggraini and I. Jaya, "Pemanfaatan Teknologi Augmented Reality dalam Pembelajaran Fisika di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) di Wilayah Terpencil," Jurnal Pendidikan Fisika Indonesia, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 29-37, 2020.
[7] S. Anisyah, B. Suhardi, and I. Kusumawati, "Augmented reality: Interactive and fun learning media to improve student learning outcomes in electrical circuits course," Jurnal Kependidikan, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 234-248, 2024. doi: 10.34007/jk.v8i2.1467.
[8] Apriyanto, K. Maharjan, and Z. Wei, "Implementation of Augmented Reality Technology in History Learning: Experimental Study," Journal of Computer Science Advancements, vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 222-230, 2024. doi: 10.70177/jsc.v2i4.1321.
[9] R. T. Azuma, "A Survey of Augmented Reality," Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 355-385, 1997. doi: 10.1162/pres.1997.6.4.355.
[10] J. Bacca, M. Baldassare, and L. Ferrari, "Augmented Reality in Education: A Meta-Review and Cross-Media Analysis," Educational Technology & Society, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 1-10, 2014.
[11] A. Bhattacherjee, "Understanding information systems continuance: An expectation-confirmation model," MIS Quarterly, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 351–370, 2015. doi: 10.2307/25148625.
[12] J. W. Creswell and C. N. Poth, Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage Publications, 2018.
[13] F. D. Davis, "Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology," MIS Quarterly, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 319–340, 2015. doi: 10.2307/249008.
[14] F. D. Davis, R. P. Bagozzi, and P. R. Warshaw, "User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models," Management Science, vol. 35, no. 8, pp. 982-1003, 1989. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.35.8.982.
[15] M. Destra and D. Aranda, "Peningkatan dan Pemerataan Perkembangan Teknologi di Dunia Pendidikan Melalui E-Learning di Indonesia: Kajian Literatur," Jurnal Cakrawala Akademika (JCA), vol. 1, pp. 1434–1446, 2024. doi: 10.70182/JCA.v1i4.32.
[16] E. Harefa, W. H. Kristiyanto, and F. S. Rondonuwu, "Visualization of conduction heat transfer using augmented reality technology," Indian Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 12, no. 21, Art. no. 139551, 2019. doi: 10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i21/139551.
[17] N. Hidayati and A. Supriyadi, "Implementasi Augmented Reality untuk Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa di Wilayah Terpencil," Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 45-52, 2020.
[18] N. A. Kamaruzaman and N. Zainuddin, "The Effectiveness of Augmented Reality in Education: A Review," International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 1-5, 2019. doi: 10.35940/ijitee.L1003.1081219.
[19] A. T. Lee and A. Subbarao, "Understanding psychosocial barriers to healthcare technology adoption: A review of TAM and UTAUT frameworks," Healthcare Technology Management, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 45-67, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11816427/
[20] N. Maharani and B. Usman, "The effect of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on behavioral intention to use e-learning system," Journal of Educational Sciences and Technology, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 1-12, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://journal.unesa.ac.id/
[21] M. B. Miles, A. M. Huberman, and J. Saldaña, Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook, 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage Publications, 2014.
[22] N. Moorhouse, T. Jung, D. I. Han, and M. C. Tom Dieck, "Augmented reality to enhance the learning experience in cultural heritage tourism: An experiential learning cycle perspective," in Advances in Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality, 2017, pp. 142-156.
[23] N. Moorhouse, M. C. tom Dieck, and T. Jung, "Augmented reality to enhance the learning experience in cultural heritage tourism: An experiential learning cycle perspective," e-Review of Tourism Research, pp. 1–7, 2017. doi: 10.25172/ertr.1.2017.9.
[24] E. Murniarti, H. Prayitno, G. A. Wibowo, Y. Suparmi, and E. Y. Rochmah, "Implementing Augmented Reality in Inclusive Education: Experiments and Potential," International Journal of Science and Society, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 60-71, 2023. doi: 10.1234/ijsoc.2023.5.4.60.
[25] R. L. Oliver, "A cognitive model of the antecedents and consequences of satisfaction decisions," Journal of Marketing Research, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 460–469, 1980.
[26] D. F. Putri and H. Baharun, "The implementation of augmented reality in science education in secondary schools," International Journal of Instructional Technology (IJIT), vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 34–45, 2023.
[27] R. Putri and H. Baharun, "Social-cultural support in technology adoption: A study of educational technology integration in multicultural settings," Journal of Educational Technology and Society, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 45-58, 2023.
[28] G. Rullyana and R. Triandari, "Trends and research issues of augmented reality in education: A bibliometric study," Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 1-19, 2024. doi: 10.47134/jtp.v1i4.907.
[29] D. P. Sari and A. Rahmawati, "Penggunaan Augmented Reality dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar," Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Dasar, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 123-130, 2021.
[30] T. D. Shen, J. C. Liang, C. Q. Hong, and C. C. Tsai, "Factors influencing the adoption and usage of augmented reality applications in tourism education," Journal of Educational Computing Research, vol. 60, no. 2, pp. 413-436, 2022. doi: 10.1177/07356331211038259.
[31] S. Sukendro, S. Sanoto, and S. Sugiyarto, "Using an extended Technology Acceptance Model to predict the use of learning management system among younger teachers," International Journal of Instruction, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 849-866, 2020. doi: 10.29333/iji.2020.13256a.
[32] E. Sulaiman and F. Maulidi, "Studi Implementasi AR dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Daerah Terpencil," Jurnal Sejarah Pendidikan, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 78-85, 2021.
[33] S. Suryaningrum, "Penguatan kapasitas guru pada implementasi kurikulum merdeka daerah 3T (tertinggal, terdepan, dan terluar)," Wahana Dedikasi, vol. 6, 2023. doi: 10.31851/dedikasi.v6i1.11488.
[34] S. Susanti, B. Maftuh, and D. F. K. Dwiputra, "Exploring the implementation of augmented reality in Indonesia elementary schools: A systematic literature review," The Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences (EPESS), vol. 36, pp. 97-108, 2024.
[35] V. Venkatesh and F. D. Davis, "A theoretical extension of the Technology Acceptance Model: Four longitudinal field studies," Management Science, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 186-204, 2000. doi: 10.1287/mnsc.46.2.186.11926.
[36] E. Y. Wong, C. Y. Fong, A. S. Tai, and K. W. Fung, "Perceived usefulness of, engagement with, and learning effectiveness in immersive virtual reality: A mixed-method study," Frontiers in Education, vol. 8, Art. no. 1103635, 2023. doi: 10.3389/feduc.2023.1103635.
[37] H.-K. Wu, S. W. Y. Lee, H. Y. Chang, and J. C. Liang, "Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education," Computers and Education, vol. 62, pp. 41–49, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.024.
[38] X. Yang and J. Li, "Interactive augmented reality in STEM education: Effects on learners' engagement and performance," Computers & Education, vol. 168, Art. no. 104213, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104213.
[39] H. Yawan, "Augmented Reality Application: Current status, opportunities, and challenges of Indonesian secondary education context," Edutec Journal of Education And Technology, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 652-663, 2022.
[40] R. K. Yin, Case study research and applications: Design and methods, 6th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage Publications, 2018.
Published
2026-06-13
How to Cite
Priyohutomo, A. N., & Tjhin, V. U. (2026). IMPLEMENTASI DAN ANALISIS AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DI WILAYAH 3T: STUDI KASUS PADA SMA NEGERI 1 ROTE BARAT. TEKNIMEDIA: Teknologi Informasi Dan Multimedia, 7(1), 218-225. https://doi.org/10.46764/teknimedia.v7i1.387
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